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— BY— 



A; E. VOGELL. 



INSTRUCTIONS HOW TO BOWL ; THE ALLEY AND ITS PROPER CON- 
STRUCTION ; HOW TO SCORE, HOW TO HANDICAP, SHOW- 
ING THE PHYSICAL BENEFIT TO BE DERIVED 
FROM ITS PRACTICE. 

GIVES RULES FOR PLAYING THE VARIOUS GAMES HAVING THiilR 
ORIGIN IN TEN PINS, AND WHICH BEAR DIRECTLV 
UPON THE GAME. 



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ViflTTH IUHJSTR.ai^TIONS. 



NEW EDITION. 



REVISED AND EDITED BV JAMES S. MITC 



PUBLISHED BY THE 

AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

^41 BROADWAY, N^W YORK, 




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/ -^^3 



Entcred according to Act of Conress, in the year i895. by 

The American Sports Publishing Co.. 

IN THE )FFICE CF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON 



BOWIdING 



One of the most fascinating of our winter pastimes is bowling. 
From tlie first sign of autumn until well into the spring the bowling- 
alleys in every city and town throughout the land are thronged with 
enthusiastic admirers of the sport. 

Regarding the early history of game it is hard to speak with 
accuracy ; for almost in every country where civilization has entered 
their historians speak of it under different titles and claim its origin 
distinctly to themselves. The English called it bowls, the French 
kayles,the Dutch rubbers, and thelrishcarrigeen, while the pastime 
did not seem to be known to the other old world nations. 

The earliest authentic representation of a game played with bowls, 
to be met with, occurs in a thirteenth century MSS. in the Royal 
Library (No. 20, IV.). There two small cones are placed at a distance 
from each other, and the business of the players was evidently to 
bowl at them alternately; the successful candidate being he who 
could lay his bowl nearest to the mark. In the fourteenth century 
the game seeaitd to have grown in popularity and, as should 
naturally be expected, underwent some changes. The cones dis- 
appeared and a small bowl, or jack, was substituted. This jack 
served as a mark for the bowlers, three of which always constituted 
a game. The bowls were made of stone. 

Simultaneously the French had a game called carreau. According 
to Cotgrave it consisted of placing a, square stone at the end of a 
lane, and whoever succeeded in displacing this stone with a stroke 
o^his bowl was the winner. Kayles, the other game in vogue in 
France, is derived from the French word quiUes. It was played with 
pins and, no doubt, gave origin to the modern game of nine-pins, 
though, primitively, the kayle-pins do not appear to have been con- 
lined to any certain number. The pins were usually placed upon a 
square frame, in three rows and the size and shape of the pins in all 
cases differed. The player stood about sixty feet away and pitched 



4 BOWIilNG. 

a short, stout club at the pins. The method of deciding th« winner 
in a match is not given, nor the number of strolies allowed. The 
game was sometimes called " jeux de quilles a baston." 

Bowling greens are said to have originated in England, and bowl- 
ing upon them was a very popular amusement. Even at the pres- 
ent in most country towns they are to be found, and some few still 
remain in the vicinity of London, but none are now frequented as 
they were accustomed to be formerly. 

The inconveniences to which the open green for bowling were 
necessarily obnoxious suggested, we presume, the idea of making 
bowling alleys, which, being covered over, might be used when the 
weather would not permit the pursuit of the pastime abroad, and 
tnerefore they were usually annexed to the residences of the opu- 
lent, wherein, if the ladies were not themselves performers, they 
certainly countenanced the pastime by being spectators; hence the 
King of Hungary, in an old poem entitled '• The Squyer of Low De- 
gree," says to his daughter " to amuse you in your garden " : 

" An hundredth knightes truly tolde, 
Shall play with bovvles in alayes colde." 

Andrew Bordie, in his " Dictane of Helthe," describing a noble- 
man's mansion, supposes it not to be complete without a bowling- 
alley. Among the additions made by Henry VIII. at Whitehall 
were divers fair tennice-courts, bowling-alleys and a cock-pit. 

It appears that soon after the introduction of bowling-alleys they 
were productive of very evil consequences, for they became not only 
exceedingly numerous, but were often attached to places of public 
resort, which rendered them the receptacles of idle and dissolute 
persons and were the means of promoting a pernicious spirit of 
gambling among the younger and more unwary part of the com- 
munity. The little room required for making these bowling alleys 
was no small cause of their multiplication. In the end these nur- 
series of vice were universally decried, and especially such of them 
as were established within the city and suburbs of London, where 
the ill effects arising from them were most extensive. 

In the beginning of the present century long bowling made its 
appearance. It was performed in a narrow enclosure, often 90 feet 
in length, and at the further end was placed a square frame with 
nine small pins upon it. At these pins the players bowled in succes- 
sion, and a boy, who stood by the frames, returned the pins and 



BOWlilNQ. 5 

called out the number, which was placed to the account of the 
player. Sometimes this game was called Dutch Rubbers. 

An account of the early history of bowling would be incomplete 
without the description of a game called "Half-bowl." It is prac- 
tised in a great many parts of England at the present day, but in 
some places is more popularly known as "EolyPoly." There are 
fifteen small pins of a conical shape required for this pastime, twelve 
of which are placed at equal distances upon the circumference of a 
circle of about two feet and a half in diameter; one of the three 
remaining pins occupies the centre, and the other two are placed 
within the circle at the back part of it and parallel with the bowling 
place, but so as to be in line with the middle pin, forming a row of 
five pins, including two of these on the circumference. In plajang 
the game the bowl, when delivered, must pass above the pins and 
round the end pin, without the circle, before it beats any of them 
down ; if not, the cast is forfeited , and owing to the great bias of the 
bowl, this task is not very readily performed by such as have not 
made themselves perfect by practice. The middle pin is distin- 
guished by four balls at the top, and, if thrown down, is reckoned 
for four toward the game. The intermediate pin upon the circle, in 
the row of five, has three balls, and is reckoned for three; the first 
pin without the circle has two balls and is counted for two, and the 
value of the others singly but one. Thirty-one points is a complete 
game. The bowl is one-half of a wooden sphere. 

ITS GROWTH IN AMERICA. 

When Manhattan Island was first settled, or during the sixteenth 
and seventeenth centuries, it was the custom among the young and 
middled-age men of the colony to play bowls and other games on a 
small green plot of ground or on any suitable piece of smooth and 
level turf, the dimensions varying according to the ground avail- 
able, but from 90 to 150 feet in length, Avith a proportionate width. 
The favorite place in those days was known as Bowling Green, New 
York City, w^hich is associated with stirring events in American his- 
tory. Later on, in order to enjoy the sport in winter as well as in 
summer, it was only necessary to build the alleys under shelter. As 
the population increased so did the game, various improvements 
being made in the building of the alley, until in 1849 it reached its 
supposed zenith. On Broadway, from Barclay street to Eighth 
s^Lreet, there were one or more alleys to be found on every block. 



€ BOWIilNG. 

Early in the present century the game of nine-pins, for at that time 
only nine-pins were used, was highly popular. This, in a measure, 
was ascribed to the improvements made in the construction of alleys, 
many of which were erected on Broadway and in the Bowery. Along 
in tho " fifties" the game commenced to retrograde. In New York 
and Vermont during the " sixties " laws were passed prohibiting the 
continuation of the game of nine-pins, but was useless, as an extra 
pin was added, and the name changed to ten-pins. With that period 
practically begins the present game, which in the past three years 
has taker: such strides in popular favor. It might be well to state, 
before going further, the present game, while related, to a certain 
extent, to it, is not the game of nine-pins, head-pin or cocked hat, 
and should not be confused with the same. In 1875 the National 
Bowling Association was organized, with eleven clubs as charter 
members, in order to promote a more amicable feeling among the 
clubs, and through them advance the standard of the sport. Tourna- 
ments were held at intervals, and rules laid down to govern the 
game. During 1889 and 1890 the interest began to increase, and a 
visit could not be made to any of numerous alleys without witness- 
ing a conflict between two local clubs. 

DEFINITIONS OF TEEMS USED IN THE GAME. 

Break.— When it requires all three balls to knock down the ten 
pins on the alleys. 

Bbidge.— When pins Nos. 7 and 10 are left standing after first or 
second ball in any frame. 

Chalk Box.— Box at the foul line, from which the shoes are 
chalked to prevent slipping. 

Dead Wood.— Pins which have been bowled down and remain 
either on the alley or in the pin pit. Dead wood must always be 
cleared from alley before a ball is rolled. 

Foot Mark.— A horizontal line drawn directly across the alley, 
" the centre point of which line on the alley shall be 60 feet from the 
centre of the head-pin spot." 

Frame.— One of the ten equal parts into which thegame is divided, 
corresponding to the innings of a base ball game. See diagram on 
page 12. 

Frame.- The triangular outline at the extreme end of the alley on 
which the pins are arranged. See page 10. 



BOWLING. 7 

Gdttee.— The two troughs, one on each side of the alley, into 
which the balls roll when leaving the alley from the sides. 

Head-Pi:;.— Pin No. 1. See diagram on page 10. 

King-Pin.— Pin No. 5. See page 10. 

Lofted Ball,.— One which upon leaving a player's hands bounces 
one or more times on the alleys on its way to the pins. 

Pin Pit.— Space back of the alley into which the pins fall when 
bowled from the alley. 

Pin Boy. — Boy who returns the ball, casts and resets the pins. 

Runway. — Raised slides at each side of the gutters, over which the 
balls are returned to the players. 

Runway. — Feet to the rear of the foul line, over which the player 
runs before casting the ball. 

Poodle.— When a ball rolls into the gutter before striking a pin. 

Spare.— When all the pins have been removed from the alley with 
two balls. 

Strike.— When all pins are knocked down by the first ball rolled 
in a single frame. 

ALLEYS. 

A good ten-pin alley is the perfection of a carpenter's work. A 
gieat deal might be written in regard to the alley instruction to 
those who pay for its construction. It is evident that the greater 
the depth of the wood used by the builder, the pit;ces being placed 
on their edges at right angles with the foundation, the more solid 
and durable will be the alley. When the construction of the alley is 
thought about, the building shonld be devised before the alley is put 
down. The comfort of those who play as to room. H.Montgomery, 
of Newark, has an idea of the proper style of alley for championship 
matches. The beds should be 78 feet long and 42 inches wide; gutters 
S% inches in width. The pits, in order to avoid unpleasantness in 
balls rebounding, should be 5 feet long and 10 inches deep. This will 
give a 6 inch cushion, a swing of 12 inches, and allow 3 feet 6 inches 
clear for balls and pins. 

By having beds of 78 feet, there can be 60 feet from the foul line to 
the first pin and 15 feet of runway behind the foul line, thereby giv- 
ing the player plenty of room to gauge his shot. (Fig. 1.) 

The best alleys, and those that are almost proof against moisture 
and consequently never warp, are ones built with a maple centre 
(Fij?. 2). Bat by fat the best alley yet invented and one that seems 



8 BOWLING. 

to be able to withstand all moistures and climatic changes, is a slate 
alley (Fig. 3j; when once properly level no amount of abuse will ever 
afterwards put it out of shape. 

HOW TO BOWL. 

There are about as many opinions on this subject as there are 
grains of sand on the seashore, all of which are worthy of some com- 
mendation. The physical anatomy of bowlers makes it almost com- 
pulsory that each should adapt himself or herself to the style best 
fitted to them. Now it will be the object at the beginning to learn 
how to properly handle a ball. These balls vary in weight from one 
to fifteen pounds, and from the size of a baseball to a ball 27 inches 
in circumference. It hardly appears necessary to warn the novice 
about the folly of beginning with the largest balls; it is an unwritten 
law of physical culture to begin with lightweight first and gradually 
increase it ; this every athlete will respect; but bowling is different 
and, while the same rule applies with equal force, there seems to be 
an all-powerful inclination to begin with heavy balls. This has the 
effect of straining the nerves in the back, arms and legs, and gives 
the novice the feeling next morning that he must have run up 
against something hard during the night. He also finds after an 
hour's steady practice that the ball is very stubborn, and that he has 
made little or no progress. Stick to the small ball until you acquire 
that familiarity with it which will assure you a certain amount of 
gracefulness as well as accuracy. In lifting a ball from the runway 
don't grab it with both hands, one hand is plenty strong enough to 
handle it. Turn the ball over until the holes in it are facing up- 
wards, insert the thumb, index and second fingers and lift it from 
its position, letting the arm hang naturally by the side. Then walk 
to the f>osition you desire behind the foul line. If you wish to roll a 
centre ball, i. e., from the centre of the alley, direct at the head pin, 
place yourself near that imaginary spot, holding the ball with both 
hands in the centre of the body against the chest, then get your in- 
tended line by a glance of the eye from the head pin to where you 
stand. Let the hand which holds the ball down to your side ; then 
l)ending your body at waist and knees, with the right foot slightly 
to the back of the left, start the ball a-swinging like the pendulum 
of a clock, beginning slowly and increasing gradually until the 
velocity desired is attained ; take a run of a few steps forward, tak- 
ing care not to step over the foul line , and cast the ball, \Y hichevev 



style a novice adopts it should not be departed from, if an improve- 
ment is desired. Before stepping up to the runway for a ball, the 
soles of the shoes, unless tennis or rubber-soled ones are worn, 
should be well chalked from the chalk-box at the hi^ad of the alleys; 
this will prevent any possibility of slipping Avhile delivering the 
ball. Don't take a ball fi-om the ran way while another ball is on its 
way down ; this will prevent the fingers from being smashed be- 
tween two balls. 




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DEPTH OF PIM PIT JO INCf1£^. 

P\M PIT 

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WIDTH Of^/ALL^y 






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BOWLING. 



11 



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FOUL LINE: 



Foul Linf 



Foul L/ne.. 



12 BOWIilNG. 

The most oomi'ortable costume to wear during a mateli game is a 
sailor or lawn-tennis shirt, trousers fastened by belt, and lawn-ten- 
nis shoes. This affords freedom and permits of physical benefit. 



HOW TO SCOEE. 
For convenience in bowling the following tabulated formula has 
been arranged : 

SCOitlNG FOBMULiA. 





FRAMES. 




f 




f 

S 

» 


1 

Players. 


— 


2 


3 


* 


5 


6 


' 


8 


9 


10 












Totals. 



This table consists of a frame, which is subdivided into horizontal 
and perpendicular lines. The number of horizontal lines is equal to 
the number of players in the game, plus 3, and the number of per- 
pendicular lines to 14, plus the two border of outside lines. Room 
sufficient to permit of the writing in of the players' names must be 
allowed between the left hand border and first perpendicular lines, 
after which the remaining, space is divided into 14 eqnai parts. The 
four places at the extreme right are reserved for the totals, and 
begin from the left, placed in thir order : strikes, spares, breaks and 
game. The other ten places are known as frames, and are ten in 
number. In all alleys the diagram will be found upon a side wall, at 



BOWLING. 



13 



a convenient heigrht to permit scoring. The game is as its name de- 
signates, a game of ten pins, and consists in rolling a number of balls 
with the object in view of removing as many pins from the alley 
with each ball as is possible. Three balls are allowed each bowler to 
each frame. Should the first ball remove the entire ten, the bowler 
is credited with a strike (-]-) which is placed in the upper right hand 
corner of the frame in which he was bowling. Should it necessitate 
two balls before they are all removed, the bowler scores a spare (-[-) 
which, like the strike, should be placed in the upper right hand cor- 
ner of the frame in which it is made. If it should rer[uire all three 
balls to remove the pins, it counts 10, and is known as a break ; but if 
after the three balls have been rolled pins are still left standing, it 
only counts as many points in that frame as there are number of 
pins knocked down. Now let us suppose that a certain Mr. Blank 
has entered on the alleys and starts to roll a practice game, single- 
handed; the first ball he rolls knocks down five pins, the second, two, 
and the third, 1, making a total of eight in the frame, which is placed 
to his credit on the blackboard or score book, thus : 



Players. 


1 


2 


GAME BY 
3 i 


PKi^ivms. 
5 6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank.. 


8 









































In the next frame his first ball takes nine pins down and the oik- 
remaining pin is carried off by the second ball. This leaves him om^ 
ball yet to roll, or a spare ball, and is credited to him in the second 
frame like this : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 

Players. 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 



Mr. Blank.. 



He starts on his third;frame with one ball yet to bowl on the second 
frame. With this spare or third ball he knocks down four pins ; witli 
the first and second balls in the second frame he had clea^-e 1 the 
alley scoring 10 pins which, added to the number of pins made by iho 



14 



BOWIilNG. 



spare ball, equals fourteen ; now, the score of every frame must have 
added to it the score of every preceding- frame. The score in the first 
frame was 8, and in the second frame 14, giving a total of 23, and 
is placed in the second frame : 



GAME BY FRAMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank . 


8 


V 
23 







































But he is still on the third frame, and the spare ball tallied in the 
second frame counts the same number of pins in the third frame 
which makes it also count as the first ball in the third frame. 
There are now two balls left with which to remove the remaining 
pins ; on the second ball he again removes all the pins and counts a 
spare, which is placed in the upper right hand corner : 



GAME BY FRAMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank . 


8 


V 

23 


V 






























! 







With the next ball he scores 6 pins, added to the 10 already made 
as indicated by the spare in the third frame, gives him a total of 16, 
added to the score of the second frame 23, gives the score for the 
third frame as 39 : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank.. 


8 


V V 

23 39 






• 

































After bowling the remaining two balls by which he only succeeds 
in removing three additional pins which, added to the 6 on the spare 
ball in the third frame, which is also the first ball in the fourth 
frame, gives a total for that frame of 9, which, added to the 39 in the 
third frame, gives a grand total of 48 : 



^oxrasQ. 



IS 



GAME BY FEAMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank. 


8 


V 

23 


V 
39 


48 



































In the next or fifth frame he removes all the pins with the first ball 
:hus scoring a strike : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 

Players. 12 3 4 5 _6 7 8 9 10 

V 



Mr. Blank. 



V V 

23 39 



48 



+ 



And in the sixth frame, by removing- all the pins with two balls, he 
scores a spare : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 

Players. 123456789 10 



Mr. Blank . 



23 



39 



48 



+ 



Having- made a strike in the fifth frame gives him ten pins for one 
"Dall, and two balls to be rolled in the sixth frame, and their totals to 
be counted in the fifth frame; with them he scored a spare or 10, 
which gives a total of 20 for the three balls on the fifth frame. This 
added to 4o m .lie fourth frame makes his score for the fifth frame 
68, and spare ball in the sixth frame : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank . 


8 


VI VI 
23 1 39 1 48 


i 

































'vVith that spare ball, rolled in the seventh frame, he makes a 
strike, or 10 pins, which,, when added to the 10 pins scored with the 
first and second balls in the sixth frame, makes 20 pins for the three 



16 



BOWLING. 



balls, which is to be added to the 68 pins in the fifth frame and tallied 
in the sixth frame, 88 : 

GAME BY FBAMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank.. 


8 


V 
23 


V 
39 


48 


t 


88 


+ 


























i 



He begins the eighth frame with two balls yet to be rolled, in the 
seventh frame; with those two balls he removes 7 pins which, 
added to the 10 pins made with the tirst ball, or strike, gives him a 
total of 17 pins, to which is added the 88 pins in the sixth frame and 
closes the seventh frame with 105 : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 3 


4 


5 


6 7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank. 


8 


V V 

23 39 


48 


fi8 


1 VI + 

1 88 ! 10-> 


115 






1 

1 


1 











The ninth frame is begun evenly again, and with the first and sec- 
ond ball he knocks down all the pins scoreing a spare : 

GAME BY FRAMES, 



Players. 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank. 


8 


V 
23 


V 
39 


48 


+ 1 

6S 1 88 


+ 
10'' 


115! 


V 








1 

1 




1 

1 







Now comes the "wind up" or tenth frame ; but he has yet one ball 
to roll in ninth frame, and he mades a strike or 10 pins, added to 
the 10 pins made with the tirst and second balls in the ninth frame, 
gives him 20, which, added to the 115 in the eighth frame, closes the 
ninth frame with 135. There are now two balls yet to be rolled in the 
tenth frame, and the pins being all down are again set up; with the 
second ball he again makes a strike, and one more ball to be rolled 
again ; the pins are set up and, with the third ball, he makes another 
strike; this counts 10 more or 30 in all for the tenth frame; 10 by the 
tirst ball, 10 by the second ball, and 10 with the third ball, which, 



added to the 135 in th© ninth frame, finishes the game and grives him 
a grand total of 165 : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 


3 4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 10 


Mr. Blank. 


8 


V 

23 


VI 
39 1 4S 


+ 


V 

88 


V 


115 


V 1 XXX 
135 1 165 








1 
1 




1 
1 



SPAKE BOWLING. 

Spare bowling is the mainspring of the game and presents to 
the bowler hundreds of geometrical combinations which will be found 
sufficient to call forth the very highest order of mental strength 
and executive ability, in order to accomplish them. Unlike its side- 
partner strikes, there is very little chance for "luck"to back it up. 
It must be played on merit. While it is true that strikes have a 
greater numerical value and assure the bowler making them much 
credit, it is left for the spare-bowler to awake in the anatomy of the 
spectators that burst of enthusiasm, that out-pouring of pentup 
feeling which has been compared to the "roaring of the surf." Cer- 
tain it is that they are the most difficult of execution, and the mak- 
ing of them closely resembles many billiard shots, Following are 
diagrams of six of the most difficult ones, the making of which takes 
a greater amount of skill and study than the average on-looker has 
any conception. 

The spare in diagram No. 1 is quite frequently met with during 
match games. Expert bowlers play it with a straight right side 
ball kissing the pin No. 6 slightly on the off-side carroming to pin 
No. 10. No. 6 when rightly struck, is sent flying over against No. 7. 
A novice invariably tries to make this spare with a right side ball 
and a carrom from 6 to 7. He will succeed in knocking over 6 
and 10, but 7 need have little fear of bemg reached by the ball, the 
distance being too great. A triangular spare such as is shown in 
diagram No. 2 is executed by rolling a cross alley ball direct at 
the head pin, which is thus sent against No. 7, the ball glancing 
off toward No. 10 ; the spare can be made by rolling from the other 
side of the alley and the result obtained in the same manner. 
Spares like that in diagram No. 3 can only be made by cV'Ur^g straight 



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BOWIilNG. 19 

right center ball 5 and 6 and sending pin 5 to 7. A bowler may often 
be seen playing a carrom shot on 6 and 5, but it is exceedingly rare to 
see 7 removed by it. Diagram -i, to the uninitiated, looks to be the 
easiest thing in the world, but the result is mostly otherwise. To 
play a side ball at the head pin would lose the spare, as 8 would be 
left standing as serenely as though never having run a chance of a 
knockout. There are two ways to make it ; first, by rolling a centre 
ball for the right side of 2 which is sent into the gutter, the ball 
taking off 5 and 8; second, to carrom slightly on the right 
of 2 going to 5, which then takes 8, the ball going to the gutter 
from 5. A spare like that in diagram 5 makes a team despair 
of its player making more than nine points in that frame. It 
is what bowlers call the "daisy" and is the most difficult of 
execution of any known spare in the game. It can be made by 
rolling a straight side ball from either side of the alley evenly 
leaving not more than 3^-inch space between it and the gutter, 
but with so much speed must the ball be sent and the pins so 
delicately kissed, that it is missed twenty times where it is made 
once. All first-class teams give spare-bowling their time and atten- 
tion Avhile practicing, and when trying for strikes study the positions 
in which the pins may be left should the strike be missed and their 
bearing on their chances for a possible spare on the next ball rolled. 
These five examples will suffice to illustrate the importance of spares 
in the game and also that they must be played on the same general 
principle as if they were balls, instead of pins, on a billiard table. 



WOMEN BOWLEES. 

Bowling is not a pastime dedicated to masculine monopoly exclus- 
ively, for women seem to take as much interest and derive as much 
enjoyment mentally and physically as the sterner sex. In every city 
there are winter social clubs where cnce a week, on some specified 
night, the members of both sexes meet and to the musical accompni- 
ment pass the evening in bowling. These clubs are exceedingly 
popular among young people, and with them is ^-ipidly succeeding 
the "Once a Week" dancing clubs. Many of these combine both fea 
tures ; dancing taking place among those players who are waiting 
the reocci^rrence of their turn at the alleys. 

The costume worn by women who indulge in the sport for the ph>'- 



20 BOWLING. 

sical (Iftvelopiueiit which they derive from it, is a loose-fitting: skirt 
rising a couple of inches above the tloor, a biouse or waist worn 
carelessly easy, with the sleeves loosely littin.'j: so as to permit the 
arms full play, and rubber-sole tenn.s shoes which should be well 
chalked from a bpx at the end of the alley. If a belt is worn, do not 
have it drawn too snugly, for the hips, next to the arms, receive 
the most benefit from the game, and as that benefit is gained by the 
expansion and contraction of those muscles caused by the stooping 
necessary to deliver the ball, a tight belt will bind so as to prevent a 
free and easy movement, hence, defeat the very aims desired. Cor- 
sets should not be worn, but if so, very loosely laced. Care should 
be taken to prevent a draught, but the alley must be well ventilated, 
for the langs are continually absorbing the air and at a greater in- 
crease of speed than ordinarily ; besides, the continual dropping of 
the pins and.balls stirs uv) a certain amount of dust, not counting the 
tine specks of powdered chalk continually drifting about. Lady 
bowlers should not be influenced by seeing the size of the balls which 
are used during the game by the sterner sex and attempt to use the 
same weight, because they are not to be handled so easilv and are 
likely to over-tax the muscles and cause a severe sprain. A small 
ball can be used just as effectively and the result on the score not 
materially changed. A ball whose weight is about 5 pounds is plenty 
heavy enough ; besides, it will permit much more grace in the handl- 
ing of it, therefore, will improve the style of delivery. 

The game is recommended very highly for women who are troubled 
with backs and hips, and is, when played in moderation, very 
strengthening to those members. Women cannot be expected to 
make as high scores as men do, and should at the very first give up 
that idea. The formation of their arms is an impediment at the 
very outset, and prevents that freedom necessary for the jjroper 
delivery of a ball. A score of 100 made by them is equivalent to 200 
made by a man, and 200 is equal to the maximum 300. The following 
three "Don'ts" should be respected by them : 

Don't go with your fingers covered with rings or your arms with 
bracelets. They may be lost or broken. 

Don't take a 1^11 from the runway while another is on its way 
down, for the fingers are liable to be broken. 

Don't use a ball heavier than can De icomfortably handled ; it is 
liable to cause a severe strain if it is done, and gives appearance o* 
awkwardness. 



BOWIilNG. 21 

PHYSICAL BENEFITS. 
Bowling, like all athletic sports, has its benefits and injuries to the 
human system. It combines in one the benefits derived from run- 
ning- without the exhausting after-effect of rowing in strengthening 
the muscles of the back, arms and legs; of shot-putting, and, in fact, 
there may be found in it some of the benefits of nearly every sport. 
The following quotations from Mr, Checkley's "Manual of Physical 
Training," a work unequalled in excellency, shows clearly where the 
sport will add to the human anatomy. 

"The muscles of the body are arranged for the most part in comple- 
mentary groups, by which they act together, pulling and relaxing 
as the case may be. Thus in the limbs the muscles which straighten 
the bones are called the extensor muscles, while those that bend them 
are called the fllexor muscles. The biceps on the front of the up- 
per arm are the flexor muscles, because they pull up the forearm. To 
straighten out the arm again, the triceps on the back of the arm ex- 
ercise their office as extensors. In the same manner tbf; flexors of 
the leg are on the back and the flexors of the hand are on the palm. 
The tendons join the forearm not far below the elbow joint, thus giv- 
ing the muscles a very quick leverage on the arm.- With so short a 
hold, however, this muscle requires great power. Of course in flxing, 
the arm, the forearm muscles — which in their turn are united with 
the upper arm— are brought into play. When the muscles on the 
front and back of the arm are drawn down it at once becomes rigid. 
The function of muscle is thus to pull. Every movement of which the 
body is possible is brought about by the pulling ot one or more mus- 
cles. The pulling is, as I have said, accomplished by the contraction 
of the muscles, and this power of contraction is inherent in them. It 
belongs to their very nature. Of course, it is the duty of every 
healthy being to keep the muscles as perfectly under the control of 
the will as possible. The partnership between the brain and the 
muscles should be complete and continuous. It may be set down as 
an absolule truth that no one will become unconscious of his body in 
the right sense until he has first become thoroughly and intelligently 
conscious of every part of it. Now, the contractility of the muscles, 
the power it has to shorten and draw its ends closer together, de- 
pends on the extent and condition of the fibres, the bulky part of the 
muscles as distinguished from the hard and uncontractible tendons : 
the fibres looking, when highly magnified, like a bunch of red worms 



22 Bowr TNG. 

all stretched in one direction, form the meal of the body as distin- 
guished from the bone and i^ristie. In fact, the muscles make up in 
weight more than half the bulk of the body. Fro. a this it may be 
judged, without argument, that the health of this machinery is of 
very great importance to the health of the body. The muscles are 
not implements which may or may not be used and cultivated ac- 
cording to the taste and pursuits of the person. They must be used 
and developed, or the body will fall into ill health. They are more 
than half of us, and must be taken into consideration in a serious 
and intelligent manner. 

"The chief reason why the muscles must be kept in use is that 
their health directly affects the circulation of the blood, and upon the 
perfect circulation of the blood physical health is greatly dependent." 



HANDICAPPING. 

Handicaps can be applied in bowling as well as in any other sport 
and the time is not far distant when the Board of Governors will, 
have to give the matter attention. There is very little interest in a 
game between -such clubs, for instance, as the Phoenix and the Grips, 
when the result- is a foregone conclusion. Now, as to handicapping, 
let us take the Phoeenix Club, which has an average of 837 in twenty 
games, and the Grips, which has an average of 777 in the same num- 
ber of games. They could be made equal by the following method : 
Add the averages of both clubs and divide the total by two. Sub- 
tract the result from the highest average and add the difference to 
the lowest average. This difference will be the handicap. The 
handicap should be made on the average of each club in the last 
tournament in which such club rolled at least ten games. An objec- 
tion may be made to this on the grounds that each club is liable to 
change its players ; in that case the average of the new member or 
members of the team can be taken for the last ten games rolled by 
them and added to the team average, less the number of old 
members whom the new members substitue, and a handicap taken 
on the same system. An official handicapper can be appointed, 
whose duty it shall be to know the relative merits of the clubs who 
are members of the American Amateur Bowling Union. 

The schedules of the sectional as well as iinal tournaments, with 
the names of the players on such team, can be submitted to him for 



handicapping. It maybe said that this would be a herculean task. 
It is not so. There will not be more than sixty clubs participating . 
The handicaps of the Amateur Athletic Union number 400 to 500. 
These are all made within three hours. 



GAMES OTHER THAN TEN PINS. 

COCKED HAT. 

This game is played with pins 7, 10 and 1 standing. The rules of 
the American Amateur Bowling Union govern this game. The sys- 
tem of scoring is the same in this game as in ten pins, except that a 
strike counts three. There are no spares, and each pin knocked 
down equals 1. To compute the scores follow the same rules as laid 
in Chapter VII., only remember the difference in the value of the 
pins and strikes. 

COCKED HAT AND FEATHER. 

In this game pins 7, 10, 5 and 1 arc standing. There are ten frames 
as in ten pins. The object is not to knock down the feather, pin No. 
6; all the other pins must be knocked down or the frame counts 
nothing ; if this is done the frame counts one, three balls are allowed 
in each frame, and 10 points is the maximum. Dead wood is not 
removed except at the end of a frame. 

COIiliEGE GAME. 

Here pins 5 and 1 are standing and an additional pin placed in a 
direct line 12 inches in advance of pin No. 1, and is known as the 
picket pin. Pin No. 1 counts 5 points, and pin No. 5 counts 7. The 
object is to bowl down pins 1 and 5 and have the picket pin standing; 
if it is knocked down the frame counts nothing. Strikes and spares 
count in this game, three balls are used to each frame, and there are 
ten frames. Score the same as in ten pins, only remember the value 
of the pins. 

NEWPORT GAME. 

All pins are spotted. There are ten frames and three balls to each 
frame. The game is to knock down an exact number of pins from 1 
to 10, not necessarily in rotation. The bowler who scores the largest 
number of winning frames is the winner. If a player in any frame 
bowls down pins equal in value to any which he has scored in pre- 
ceding frames, the frame counts for nothing, and any spare balls he 
may have saved in that frame counts for nothing. Gutter balls 



M 



ftOWtXNO. 



count and dead wood permitted to remain on the alley; one score In 
only permitted to each frame and alleys used alternately, ^c^u. 
rebounding from the cushions do not count, The manner of scoring 
is as follows : 

FRAMES. 
Name. 123456789 10 Total 



Jones.. 



Frames 
lost. 






+ 




+ 






+ 


+ 


4 


Frames 
won. 


1 




3 




5 




7 




9 


10 


6 


Frames 
lost. 




+ 








+ 










2 


Frames 
won. 


1 


' 




4 




6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


8 



Smith.. 



, Here it will be seen that Jones has lost 4 frames and won 6 ; and 
Smith has lost 2 and won 8 ; Smith therefore wins. The -f above the 
number in frames won. indicates that the player bowled in one frame 
the same number of pins as he did in some other frame and hence 
can count nothing. 



BOWLING. 
HEAD PIN GAME. 

The pins in this game are set up like this' 



f 



/ 

There are nine pins sported. The game is divided into 4 frames, in 
each of which a bowler is allowed 4 balls. Two balls being rolled 
on each alley. The object is to knock down the head pin first; when 
that is done, ail pins falling in consequence are credited, but do not 
if the head pin is not struck, in which case the ball is lost to the 
bowler. All pins are respotted after each ball has been rolled, and 
each piu couutb 1 ; the maxicauia score is 144. 



■gQ BOWLING. 

THE GLEN ISLAND. 

Three pins are used, 1, 2 and 3, See cut of head pin game. Should 
the iiead pin be the last of tlie pins knocked down, the king or center 
pin counts 2 and the rear pin 3 ; when the head pin is bowled down, 
the center and last pins when knocked down, have a value of 1. The 
head pin only has a value of 1. The dead wood is allowed to remain 
on the alleys and there are not any restrictions. The possible score 
in the ten frames is 60. 

SEVEN UP. 

Is played with all pins standing except pins 5, 2 and 3. The usual 
number of balls are used, strikes and spares counted; each pin 
counts 1. Penalties there are none, neither is the dead wood clearei 
from the alleys. There are ten frames to a game, and 210 is the pos- 
sible score. 

NINE PINS, HEAD PIN, OUT. 

As its name implies, all pins remain up except pin No. 1. The num- 
ber of frames and balls are the same as in ten pins. There are no 
penalties, neither is the dead wood removed. One pin only in each 
frame must be left standing or there is no count. The maximum 
score is 10. 

T GAME. 

Pins 7, 8, 9, 10, 5 and 1 remain up. The balls and number of frames 
are the same as in ten: pins, Strikes and spares count 6 each. There 
are no penalities and dead wood is allowed to remain. Maximuri^ 
score, 180. 

PIN POOL. 

After the game of the same name in billiards. All pins are up and 
but one alley used. Fifteen players can participate ; their order of 
rolling is determined by throwing out small ivory balls from a 
leather hotter and the number on the ball indicates the players turn ; 
other balls with numbers on up to 25 are thrown out. The game is 
31 and each bowler endeavors to knock down sulficient pins, which , 
together with the number on the ball he has drawn, will make the 
desired total . Should the number of pins knocked down taken in 
conjunction with the immber on the ball he has, amount to over the 
31 points required, he is declared out of the game and must put uj) 
flv-^ cents to re-enter. The man who runs out first takes the pool. 
Each bowler is allowed one ball. The rules governing this game aiv 
{vsfoU:>ws; 



BOWLING. 2(T 

1. The number of the ball must bo deducted from 31, and the bal- 
ance made by the pins. 

2. When number one is called upon to play, he looks at his ball 
(the number on which, we will say, is 21), and having ten pins to 
knock down to make him pool, he proceeds to roll, and if he should 
not make the necessary pins in that inning, he must wait until his 
regular turn comes. 

3. He who makes 31 first is the winner of the pool, 
•t. Only one ball can be rolled in each inning. 

5. Whenever a player makes over 31, he is ''bursted," and must de- 
clare himself so. 

6. When "bursted." the j^layer has the privilege of taking another 
numbered ball by paying the original ante, and in such cases he 
comes in at the foot of the class ; for instance, if there are seven in 
the pool, the lirst "bursted" man. comes in number eight in the play. 

7. The game continues until 31 is made. 

8. No lofting or throwing of balls is allowed; the balls must be 
rolled. 

9. A player has the privilege of rolling with any kind of ball, 
whether solid or not. 

10. All pins knocked down by a player in one inning must be scored 
for him on the board or slate used for that purpose. 

11. The board or slate must be placed in such a position that the 
players can see from the alley the number credited to them. 

12. The gamekeeper is the final judge in all matters of dispute. 

NINE UP AND NINE DOWN. 

All pins up. The player trys to knock down but one pin with the 
first ball, and counts one if he does it; with the remaining two balls 
he endeavors to knock, down all the remaining pins except one, 
which also counts one. Twenty is the maximum ; no penalties ; dead 
wood allowed. Ten frames, three balls. 

HEAD PIN— FOUK BACK. 

Pins 1,7,8,9,10, standing. Two is counted if pins 7, 8, 9, 10 are 
knocked down and pin No. 1 left standing. If all pins are knocked 
down, the player counts 1. No penalties; dead wood allowed. Ten 
frames, three bails, maximum, 20. 

FIVE BACK. 

Pins 7, 8, 9, 10, and G standing; in case of a left handed bowler No 6 



28 BOWiiiNa. 

is substituted by No. 4; strikes and spares count live each; maxium 
150. No penalties; dead wood allowed. Ten frames, three balls; 
score after same system as ten pins, remembering difference in value 
of strikes and spares. 

WHITE ELEPHANT. 

All pins up. The g-am^s is to get as few pins as possible without 
the ball leaving the alley. A pool counts three for the player making 
it. The player getting the lowest score wins. Dead wood not al- 
lowed; maximum 10. Ten frames three balls. 

NINE NO MORE AND NO LESS. 

All pins up. Object to knock down nine pins with three balls, 
either one, two, three, or all three, if more or less than nine are 
knocked down the frames count for nothing. The player having the 
largest number of nines in ten frames wins. No penalties ; dead wood 
not allowed ; maximum, 10. 

THE OPEN GAME. 

Pins 7 and 10 up. Ten balls are allowed each one of the players 
and the object is to roll them down the alley between them without 
touching either. If the ball goes off the all-eys into thegutter.it 
counts one ; and if a pin is knocked down, it counts one. The player 
having the smallest score wins. 

SEVEN DOWN. 

All pins up. Object is to knock down only seven pins with three 
balls; if this is done with one ball, the other two balls must be rolled, 
and if any one of the three remaining pins are knocked down, the 
frame counts nothing and should one of those two balls go into the 
gutter the frame is also lost for the bowler. The player making the 
most-seven-in ten frames wins. Dead wood not removed; maxi- 
mum, 10. 

FOUK BACK. 

Pins 7, 8, 9, 10 standing. Three balls. Ten frames, strikes and 
spares count as in ten pins. No penalties ; dead wood allowed. Each 
pin counts 1 ; maximum, 120. 



BOWliTNO. 



Rules iind Rejuktions of tbe fliDcric^n 
Bowling (onjress. 



(Adopted September 9, 1895.) 



BULE 1. 

The Name-These rules shall be known as the rules of the Amer- 
ican game of ten pins. -^t-t -^ n 

The Game-The game to be played shall be the American ten 
frame game, and shall be played on a regulation alley with regula- 
tion pins and balls. -,^ttt -n o 

KULiXj o. 

The Alley-A regulation alley shall not be less than forty-one 
and shall not exceed forty-two inches in width, shall be sixty feet m 
length from the centre of the spot on which the head pm is placed to 
the foul line, and shall have a run back of the foul line of at least 
fifteen feet. The spots on the alley shall be twelve inches apart 
from centre to centre, and the four spots on the back row shall be at 
least three inches from the edge of the pit, measured from their 
centres. The spots shall not be larger than the base of the pms and 
made so distinct that they can be plainly seen by the person setting 
up the pins. Each spot to be properly numbered as per diagram : 

7 8 9 10 



I 

The gutters shall incline down from a point about opposite the 



30 BOWlilNO. 

head-pin to the pit, so that the gutter, where it enters the pit, shall 
be at least three and one-half inches in depth below the surface of 
the alley, or else shall be of sufficient width to permit a strip to be 
nailed therein in such manner as to make it impossible for the ball 
rolling in the gutter to touch or disturb any standing pin on the 
alley. Such strip must be at least one-half inch below the level 
of the alley, and must be beveled to carry the ball away from 
the pins. The pit shall be at least ten inches in depth below the 
surface of the alley. No cushions shall be attached to the partitions 
between or at the sides of the alleys or gutters at any point 
opposite the pins, but the partitions may be covered with one layer 
of leather only, not exceeding one-half an inch in thickness. The 
outside of the said covering shall not be less than twelve inches from 
the centre of the nearest corner-pin spot. The rear swinging cush- 
ions to have dark-colored covers. 

RULE 4. 

The Pins— A regulation pin shall be fifteen inches in height, two 
and one-quarter inches in diameter at the bottom, fifteen inches in 
circumference at the body or thickest part (four and one-half inches 
from the bottom), five and one-quarter inches in circumference at the 
neck (ten inches from the bottom) and eight inches in circumference 
at the thickest part of the head (thirteen and one-half inches from 
the bottom); shall taper gradually from the bottom to the largest 
part of the body, shall be of uniform weight and shall be stamped 
" A. B. C. Eegulation Pin." The manufacturer's name and address 
may be also stamped thereon. In case of accident to any pin in use 
it shall be replaced by another as nearly uniform as possible. 

EULE 5. 
The Ball— The ball shall not exceed twenty-seven inches in cir- 
cumference in any direction, but smaller balls may be used. 

EULE 6. 

Foul Balls — In all games there shall be a line drawn or painted on 
the surface of the alleys and gutters, the centre point of which shall 
be sixt}^ feet from the centre of the head or front pin spot, measuT - 
ing to the outside of the line, which, if possible, shall be continued 
upward at right angles at both ends. This shall be known as the 
foul line. 

A player in delivering a ball must not step on or over the line, nor 



BOWLING. 31 

allow any part of his body or clothing' to touch on or beyond the 
line until after the ball has reached the pins. Any ball so delivered 
shall be deemed foul and must be announced at once by the umpire. 
The player forfeits all pins made by such foul ball, and such pins, if 
any, shall be respotted before the next ball is rolled. Should any 
ball delivered leave the alley before reaching the pins, or any ball 
rebound from the back cushion, the pins, if any, made on such ball 
shall not count, but must be respotted. All such balls to count as 
balls rolled. Pins knocked down by pin or pins rebounding from the 
side or back cushion shall count as pins down. 

EULE 7. 
Dead Balls— If any player roll on the wrong alley or roll out of 
turn, or is interfered with by a spectator or other bowler, or if any 
of the pins he is playing at be knocked down or disturbed in any 
way before his ball reaches them, or if his ball after being fairly 
bowled should come in contact with any obstacle on the alleys be- 
fore reaching the pins, the umpire shall immediately declare such 
ball " dead," and allow the player to roll again, after replacing the 
pins as they were before such ball was rolled. 

EULE 8. 
Dead Wood— Pins knocked down but remaining on the alleys or in 
the gutters are termed dead wood and must be removed from the 
alleys before the next ball is rolled. {Should a pin fall in removing 
the dead wood it must be respotted, and pins knocked over by pin or 
pins rebounding from any other alley must be respotted. 

EULE 9. 

The Count — Two balls shall be allowed for each frame, except when 
a strike is made as designated below or when a spare is made in the 
last frame, which must be completed before leaving the alley and on 
the same alley as made. 

Strikes^A strike is credited when a player bowls over the tenpins 
with the first delivered ball, which is designated by a cross (x) in the 
upper right hand corner of his frame, and the player is credited with 
whatever pins are made in the next two successive balls. 

Spares— A spare is credited whenever a player clears the alleys 
with the first and second ball. It is designated by a small line in 
the upper right-hand corner of ihe frame in which it is made, and 
the total score in that frame Is left -opeti till the player shall have^^ 



32 BowijiNa. 

rolled one ball in his next turn when the number of pins knocked 
down by such ball are immediately added to the ten credited by the 
spare. In the last frame the player finishes before leaving the alley 
as heretofore provided. 

Breaks— A break is charged to a player at all times when neither 
a strike or spare is made. Then the player is allowed only the total 
number of pins down. In playing, two alleys shall be used, the 
players of the contesting teams to roll successively, and but one 
frame at a time, and to change alleys each frame. 

Tie Games— If the score at the end of the tenth frame be a tie, play 
shall continue upon the same alley until a majority of points upon 
an equal number of frames shall be attained, which shall conclude 
the game. 

KULE 10. 

Match Games— In all match games the umpire selected shall be 
satisfactory to the captains of the competing teams. It shall be his 
duty to see that the regulations respecting the alleys, pins, balls and 
all the rules appertaining to the game are strictly enforced. The 
umpire shall also be the sole judge of fair and unfair play ; and shall 
determine all disputes and differences which may occur during the 
game. He shall take a special care to declare all foul balls immedi- 
ately upon their occurrence unasked and in a distinct and audible 
voice. He shall, in every instance, before leaving the alleys, declare 
the winning team and sign his name in the score books. The um- 
pire shall not be changed during the progress of a game except for 
reason of illness or^f^ith the consent of captains of both teams, ex- 
cept as hereinafter provided. It shall be the duty of the umpire to 
see that all games begin on time. He must also keep the contesting 
teams playing from the beginning of the game to its termination, 
allowing such delays only as are unavoidable by accident, injury or 
darkness. There can be absolutely no appeal from the umpire's de- 
cisions, except for misinterpretation of the rules or regulations. 

Two scorers shall be appointed, one by the captain of each team, 
whose duty it shall be to keep a correct record of the game, and at 
the conclusion thereof sign their names to the score. Only such 
scores entered in the regular score books and properly signed by 
the scorers and umpire shall be considered official. Neither scorer 
shall be changed during a match game, unless with the consent of 
the captains of the teams, except as provided below. No person en- 
gaged in a match game as umpire or scorer shall be interested iu 



BOWLING. 33 

any bet upon the game, and if any such interest be discovered dur- 
ing the progress of the game the derelictofficial shall be immediately 
removed and another selected in his place. Nor shall he be ever 
eligible to otflciate in any such capacity again. 
THE TEAM. 
In all games an equal number of players from each club shall con- 
stitute the teams. Each team must produce its full complement of 
players on the alleys at least fifteen minutes before the time for 
"play" to begin. The captain of each team shall enter the names 
of his players in the score books prior to the beginning of the game 
his team is to play. Players must play in regular rotation, in the 
order they are entered on the score books. After the first frame h:;s 
been completed no changes shall be made in the players or their 
position, except as hereinafter provided. A player can only be 
changed during a game in case of injury or sickness, and then only 
on proof satisfactory to the umpire. The retiring player's place, in 
such cases shall he filled by a substitute selected by his captain 
from the eligible list of his club. Any team failing to appear on the 
alleys with its full complement of players shall play whatever men 
it has, and the opponents shall have the right to play their full team 
if they so elect, but should any eligible member of the club that is 
short appear during the game he may be added to the team, begin- 
ning his score, however, at the frame in which his associates are 
playing and completing the remainder of his game in regular order 
from that point. 

FORFEITED GAMES. 

Any club detected tampering with the alleys, pins or balls or with 
the persons setting up the pins, or in any unfair way seeks to gain 
a victory, shall, on proof of the same, forfeit the game. 

If, after the game has begun, one side refuses or fails to continue 
playing, unless such game has been suspended or terminated by the 
umpire, it shall be declared forfeited. 

RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF TOURNAMENTS. 

All tournaments shall be governed by the foregoing rules, except 
as hereinafter provided. 

Tournament teams shall be comprised of any number of players 
on a side that may be agreed upon by their Board of Managers, but 
must all be active membeis of the club they represent, no honorary 
membership being recognized as eligible. 



84 BOWLING. 

BOWLING CLUBS. 

A club desirous of entering a team in a tournament shall only be 
permitted to do so, providing it is a regularly organized club and shall 
have been existence not less than thirty days prior to making appli- 
cation to enter a team, and their application must be accompanied 
by a full list of their eligible members. Only regularly organized 
bowling clubs shall be eligible. 

Regularly organized bowling clubs must be governed by a consti- 
tution and by-laws and must have duly elected officers and a regular 
headquarters, of which tliey are owners or lessees, where they must 
meet at least once a week during the bowling season for the purpose 
of rolling practice games. 

Any club detected tampering with the alleys pins or balls, or with 
the persons setting up the pins, or in any unfair way seeks to gain 
a victory, or, assisting another club in gaining a victory, shall, on 
p^-oof of the same, be expelled from the tournament. In all cases 
where a club is expelled, all games played by its team shall be de- 
clared null and void and shall not count as games played. Any 
team failing to meet its engagements shall, unless the failure be 
caused by unavoidable accident in traveling or by postponement 
with the consent in writing of the other team and the executive 
committee of the tournament, forfeit such game, and unless satis- 
factory excuse be given, such club shall be expelled. When a game is 
declared forfeited by the umpire, the team not at fault must roll the 
game for its average and record. 

THE UMPIRE. 

The umpire shall be selected by the Board of Managers and must 
be acceptable to both the captains of the competmg teams. 

The Board of Managers shall be selected by the competing clubs 
from among their members, one representative from each club. 
They shall have entire control of all matters pertaining to their 
tournament. They shall decide the number of teams to be allowed 
to compete and the manner of selection, shall have authority to fill 
vacancies before starting the contests, shall decide on the number 
of games to be played and on what nights, at what hour play shall 
commence, what intermission shall be allowed before and between 
games for practice, the order in which the competing teams shall 
play, what prizes shall be offered and any other matters that maybe 
properly within their scope. 



Rules of tbe kwtric^D AiD^iteur Bowling Hum 
of tbe United Jt^ites, 



(Adopted September 10, 1892.) 



1. These rules shall be known as the Rules of the American Ama- 
teur Bowling- Union. 

2. The game to be played shall be the American Ten Frame Game, 
and shall be played on a regulation alley with regulation pins and 
balls. 

3. A regulation alley shall not be less than forty-one and shall not 
exceed fort-two inches in width, and shall have a run, back of the 
foul line, of at least fifteen feet. The spots on the alley shall be 
twelve inches apart from centre to centre. The gutters shall incline 
down from a point about opposite the head pin to the pit, so that the 
gutter, where it enters the pit, shall be at least four inches in depth 
below the surface of the alley. The pit shall be at least ten inches in 
depth below the surface of the alley. No cushions shall be attached 
to the partitions between, or at the sides of the alleys or gutters, at 
any point opposite the pins; but the partitions may be covered with 
one layer of leather, only, not exceeding one-half an inch in thick- 
ness. The outside of the said covering shall not be less than twelve 
inches from the centre of the nearest corner pin spot. 

4. A regulation pin shall be fifteen inches in height, two-and-a- 
quarter inches in diameter at the bottom, fifteen inches in circum- 
ference at the body or thicket part (four-and-a-half inches from the 
bottom), live inches in circumference at the neck (ten inches from 
the bottom), and seven-and-three-quarters inches in circumference 
at the thickest part of the head (thirteen-and-a-half inches from the 
bottom.) 

5. A regulation ball shall not exceed twenty-seven inches in cir- 
cumference. 

6. In the playing of match games a line shall be drawn across the 
alleys and gutters, and continued upward at right angles at each 



eiA, if possible, the centre point of which line on the alley shall be 
sixty feet from the centre of the head-pin spot. 

7. Match games shall be called at eight o'clock p.m., and must be 
started at or before 8.30 p. M. Should either club fail to produce any 
of its men at the latter hour the captain of the team present may 
claim the game. 

8. In match games an equal number of men from each club shall 
constitute the teams. In case a club shall not be able to produce a 
full team, it may play, but the opposing club may play its full team 
if present. 

9. In playing, two alleys only shall be used ; the players of the con- 
testing teams to roll successively, and but one frame at a time, and 
to change alleys each frame. The game shall consist of ten frames 
on each side. All strikes and spares made in the tenth frame shall 
be rolled off before leaving the alley, and on the same alley as made. 
Should there be a tie at the end of the tenth frame, play shall con- 
tinue upon the same alley until a -majority of points upon an equal 
number of frames shall be attained, whicli shall conclude the 
game. 

10. Players must play in regular rotation, and after the first frame 
no changes shall be made in players of their position unless with the 
consent of the captains. 

11. A player in delivering a ball must not step on or over the line, 
nor allow any part of his body to touch on or beyo:id the line, nor 
any portion of his foot to project over the line, while at rest, until 
after the ball has reached the pins. Any ball so delivered shall be 
deemed foul, and the pins made on such ball, if any, shall be rcspot- 
ted. Should any ball delivered leave the alley before roi;ching the 
pins, or any ball rebound from the back cushion, the pins, if any, 
made on such balls shall not count, but must be respotted. All such 
balls to count as balls rolled. Pins knocked down by pin or pins 
rebounding from the side or back cushion shall count as pins down 

12. The deadwood must be removed from the alley after each ball 
rolled. Should any pins fall in removing the deadwood, such pins 
must be respotted. 

13. In all match games two umpires shall be selected by the 
captains of the competing teams, to be stationed at the points and 
to respectively perform the duties they may agree upon 

14. In all match games there shall be two scorers appointed, one 
by the captain of each team, whose duty it shall be to keep a correct 



record of the game, and nt the conclusion thereof sign their names 
to the score. 

15. The umpire sliall talce great care that the regulations respect- 
ing the balls, alleys, pins and all the rules of the game are strictly 
observed. They shall be the judges of fair and unfair play at their 
respective stations, and shall determine all disputes and differences 
which may occur during the game. They shall take special care to 
declare all foul balls immediately upon their delivery, unasked, and 
in a distinct and audible voice. They shall in every instance, before 
leaving the alley, declare the winning club and sign their names to 
the scores. The decision of either of the umpire, respecting matters 
at their stations, shall in all cases be final. 

16. Neither umpires nor scorers shall be changed during a match 
game, unless with the consent of the captains of the teams. 

17. No person engaged in a match game as umpire or scoier shall 
be directly or indirectly interested in any bet upon the game. 



> 

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Fig. 3. 




Fig.! 



FiQ.2. 





J 



Bowling 
Alleys 



In writing for esti- 
mates always state 
the character of the 
foundation, whether 
on the ground floor 
or across joists. In 
building alleys on a 
concrete floor, the 
"sleepers" should 
be imbedded in the 
concrete and placed 
20 inches apart from 
centre to centre. The 
size of sleepers should 
be 3 inches by 8 
inches, with the first 
sleeper 4 feet from 
the pit end of the 
alley. 



Prices on 



c^^ 



5. 



s^^jopphcation y£j^ 



— r ~ 'I I 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK :: CHICAGO ;: PHILADELPHIA 



CHAMPION JAMES J^ CORBETT 

USED THE 

"Corbett" 

(TRADE MARK) 

Boxipg Gloves 

Manufactured by A. J. REACH CO., 
Tulip and Palnner Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. 



in his Fight with niTCMELL '^\.i^%\^,rS'iT 




/i vH^HJI^^^^^HBh^^^^^ 




Tk REACH 

Is on the Wrist 


Trafle Mart 

of every Glove. 







An Exact Duplicate of the Gloves used by CORBETT 
will be sent upon Receipt of Price. 



Per Set, 



- $7.50. 



If you cannot get them in your city, address 

A. J. REACH CO., 

Tulip and Palmer Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. 



Winn's Patent Stop 



F»K 



KCJNWAY^ 2N 
BOWLINQ ALLEY5 



!iiiiiiiiiMii'i"iiiiiiiiiiiir''i,i' 



,,P 



The object of this invention is to prevent the chipping 
and jamming of the ball, as they are returned on the runs of 
the alley. It can be readily adjusted to check or retard the 
ball and allow it to pass slowly from under brake lever into place 
at the end of the run, the brake at once dropping into position 
to receive the next ball. The working parts are of steel, made 
in a strong and substantial manner, and will last for years. 
No alley is complete without one. 



^. Price, $10.00 

(?<l ^ — 



•(TSw- ' : -^^^ — 

Complete Catalogue of Athletic Goods and Uniforms mailed 
free to any address. 



A. Q. 5fald>inq ^ BR05. 

NEW YORK :: CHICAQO :: FHlLADELFHm 



SEND FOR OUR 
COMPLETE 

ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE 




Wright & Ditson's Championship Ball 



Adopted by the United States Lawn Tennis Association, Intercollegiate 
Lawn Tennis Association, Southern Lawn Tennis Association, Canadian 
Lawn Tennii Association, and other Associations of the United States and 
Canada. 

Retail, 344 Washington St. 



} BOSTON, MASS. 



fJ!^v>fi 



^••.V' 






■.'■■(*. 



/*^ 



:■'■■■*. 



. . SPALDING'S . . 

Regulation Ten Pin Balis. 

Our Balls are made of the best selected lignum 
vitae. Complement of balls and pins for Si.sgle 
Alley consists of two Regulation balls, and one 
each of the following sizes: 8, 7^, 7, 6'/2,_6, 5K. 5, 
and 4i< inches; one set League Model Pins. For 
Double Alley— Four Regulation balls; two each 
7, 7H and 8 inch ; one each 6^-2, 6, 5^2, 5 and 4V2 
inch, and two sets League Model Pins. 




A inch, 

5 " 

6 " 



$0.75 I 6''2inch, 

• oo 7 ;; 

. \.9?y 7/2 

(.50 8 
. I.80 I 8/2 " 



$2.00 
2.50 
2.75 
3.00 

. 3.50 








M 



:•;* 



Regulation Ball. 

Adopted by the A meri- 

can Bowling 

League. 

Circum.,27in.; weight 

18 lbs. 

Price, $4.00 



SPECIAL BALLS. 

Balls bored for the admission of more than 
one tinger and thumb. Each hole, 
extra, 25c. 

Slots for three or more fingers, Each, 50c. 

Initials on balls, extra, . . . 25c. 

On all orders for balls state whether same are 
desired with or without finger holes. We carry in 
stock a sample ball bored with holes in order to get 
exact measurements of grip. 

Estimates furnished for complete alleys. 

Our complete Illustrated Catalogue of 
all Athletic Goods and Uniforms mailed 
free to any address. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS., 

Chicago, New Ycrk, Philadelphia. 



•.•?■;•• 



••..-.' 



f::i}T^v 




Strictly high grade pleasure, racing or cruising craft of 
all kinds, from a canoe to a sail yacht or steam launch. 

We are the only builders of the GENUINE 

Famous 
St. Lawrence River Skiffs. 

Me Built 

(from the design of Mr. W. 
P. Stephens) the half-rater 

''Btbelwignn/' 

winner of the Seawanhaka- 
Corinthian Yacht Club's In- 
ternational Cup. 
Our One Raters, Half Raters, 
and Sailing Canoes show a 
long winning list for '94 and 
'95 seasons. 

Send for Illustrated 
Catalogue. 

;jCPALDINQ ST. LAWRENCE BOAT CO., 

' ^ ^iri'&S'.lti't^Zr^ru'co. OODENSBURQ, N. Y. 







SPALDING'S 



Ten Pin Goods. 1 




WP 



N 







MADE FOR CARRYING INDIVIDUAL BALLS. 
No. (, All Leather. . Each, $3.00 

No. 2. All Leather, ^\ith shoulder 

straps Each, 3.50 

No. 3. Canvas, leather trimmed. " LOO 

No. 4. Moleskin. . . " 

SPALDING'S Official Bowling Score Books 

No. A. Club size, 60 games, .... 

No. B. Club size, 120 games, .... 

No. C. Pocket size, 100 games, .... 

No. D, Pocket size, 50 games, .... 

Our Complete Illustrated Catalogue of Athletic ( luods and I'niform 
Mailed Free to any Address. 

A. C. SPALDING & BROS., 
New York. Chicago. Philadelphia. 

>». .ar. .•». .«». ^wr.. ^mr^ <«r^ ^cr>. ^«r^ A.nr». <fr& ^fr.. ^%tM. m^ 







m 

m 











a 
® 


® 

® 

®^ 
** 


** 


^* 








^(/^ COMB/NAT/ON 

MODEL ENGINE 

Watch Charm and 
Whistle. Made 
of white metal. 
Sent by mail, 
postpaid, with 
C a t a 1 ogue of 
5000 interesting 
tricks and novelties, up- 
on receipt of five 2-cent 









stamps 

NEW YORK CITY. 



PECK & SNYDER/^' ''«^^«"^''^^^*' 





m 



theSCHOLARS 
COMPANION-h 



Every schoolboy and girl wants one. It consists of 
pen and holder, slate and lead pencil and pocket rule, 
in nicely polished hardwood telescope case eight inches 
long. Sent by mail, postpaid, with catalogue of 5,000 
interesting Tricks and Novelties, upon receipt of five 
2-cent stamps. 

PECK & SNYDER, 'lUroZ'mf: 



^ii 



SKATE SHARPENER 

POSTPAID, 30 CENTS. 




iLyi'icM si;ate plane § 

IWEMTEDJULYir-91S9'4 



The only sharpener making a concave or 'jquar* 
surface. Works like a plane. Weighs only four ounces. 
Easily operated and will last a lifetime. Write for 
catalogue of Skates and 5,000 interesting Tricks a^u 
Novelties. 

PECK & SNYDER, 'ZSTVoIk^?!?: 



^m 



i&* 










^ * SPALDING'S * * 

TEN PIN GOODS. 

ACCESSORIES 
BOWLING ALLEYS. 



Sponges . . . '.'er piece, 75c. to $2.00 

Swing Cushions, . . - Each, 7.50 

fjjr Rubber for Newels, . . ... Each, 75c. to 1 .00 

j&i Mahogany Newel, .... Each, I2,00 

W Black Walnut Newel, " 6.00 

jp I^lackboards, space for i6 contese^nts, ... " 4.00 

J^ Blackboards, large, space for 2^ contestants, . " 7.00 

^ Crayons Per gross, .20 

jp Chamois Blackboard Rubbers, Each, .25 

Ife Mahogany Framed Slates for top of Newel, . " 8.00 

1^ Extra Large Slates, no frame " 8.00 

IP Brass Sponge Cups, nickel plated, " 4.50 

Extra Tin Sponge Cups, " 1.50 

Sponge Cups for top of Newel, brass lined, . . " 4.50 

Spots, Per set, 1 .50 

Irons for Run, plain I5.O0 

Irons for Run, nickel plated, . 25. OO 

Foot Chalk, Per box, 1 .00 

Estimates for Btilding Alleys Flknished. 

^ ""^^^^^^ SHUFFLEBOARD WEIGHTS. 

jfiK, /MjyWp^Bll ^ "^^^(^^W <^ur weights are of the regjiilation size and 

^^ |||B^^5 a-"^=^-=-^ ^^^n||| weight, and finely finished. A set comprises 

l^fe i^HH^^SBS^^ ' jm eight pieces — four marked "A" and four marked 

"^B^ v^^^^BHMiiiliiir^^ W " ^"''" '^^ '^^y other letters desired. 

^ ^^ ^Kmr'^ ^y Per set, $2.50 

^ Our complete Illustrated Catalogue of Athletic Goods and 

^^ Uniforms for all sports mailed free to any address. 

A. Q. SPALDING & BROS., 

CHICAGO :: NEW YORK :: PHILADELPHIA. 




4 



Athletic Library. 



No, 



PUBLISHED MONTHLY. 

Life and Battles of James J. Corbet*- 

Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. 

How to Bowl. 

How to Become a Boxer. 

Gymnastics. 

How to Play Lawn Tennis. By Champion 

Campbell. 
How to Play Base Ball. Just the thing for 

Boys. By Walter Camp. 
How to Play Golf. J. Stuart Balfour. 
The Athlete's Guide. How to Run, Sprint, 

Jump, Walk, and Throw Weights. 
Association Foot Ball. 
Hand Ball. 

Curling, Hockey and Polo. 
Indoor Base Ball. 
Skating. A very practical book. By Champion 

Geo D. Phillips. 
Basket Ball. 
Fencing. 

Cricket Guide. By Geo. Wright. 
Rowing. By E. J. Giannini, Champion Amateur 

Oarsman. 
Canoeing. By C. Bowyer Vaux. 
Swimming. By Walter G. Douglas. 
How to Play Foot Ball. Walter Camp. 
College Athletics. By M. C. Murphy, Yale 

Trainer. 
Athletic Almanac. J. E. Sullivan 
Exercising with Pulley Weights 

Anderson. 
How to Play Lacrosse. W. H. Corbett. 
Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide for 1895. 
Practical Ball Playing. By Arthur A. Irwin. 
Lawn Tennis Guide for 189.5. 
Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. Guide. 
All Around Athletics. 
Official Croquet Guide for 189.5. 
Lawn Bowls. By Henry Chadwick. 
Archery, By James S. Mitchel. 
Official Foot Ball Guide for 1895. Edited by 

Walter Camp. Portraits of all prominent play- 
ers. Official Rules. 
How to Use the Punching Bag. 

Price 10 cents. 

Postpaid. 

American Sports Publishing Co. 

241 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 



29. 



42. 



By H. S. 




